华文教学与研究

程雨民教授的《汉语字基语法》在批判继承前人成果的基础上构拟了一套全新的汉语语法系统,证明了汉语从语素开始造句以及汉语7种语法结构在字组、短语和句子层反复应用的特点,概括了汉语句子构造的语序框架,系统总结了汉语的语法范畴及其隐现特点,并揭示了双音化倾向及其对汉语语法的影响。全书证明汉语是一个结构规则十分简单、易于掌握和应用而又表达力强大的系统,并指出这个系统在运作中常常有赖于推理的介入。本书评充分肯定了原作的成就,同时也提出了几点讨论意见。

The present article reviews the book Morpheme-based Syntax of Chinese by Cheng Yumin.Proceeding from his research into a rich accumulation of facts about the structure and use of Chinese,the author comes up with a brand-new system of Chinese syntax,which takes into full consideration,in a critical way,of the achievements of previous studies in the field.It proposes that syntactic processes begin at the morphemic level in Chinese,rather than at the word level as in European languages,and sentences are constructed by using the same 7 syntactic structures repeatedly at the levels of morpheme-combinations("words"),phrases and sentences.To explain the important role of word order in Chinese syntax,a framework for the ordering of sentence constituents is suggested.The book makes a systematic generalization of the grammatical categories in Chinese,pointing out as a unique feature their "off-on" characteristic.The tendency toward disyllabification and its influence is also emphasized.All the discussions conduce to show how Chinese is a language with simple structural rules,which is easy to learn and use,but very powerful and flexible in expression.The book also contains a chapter on the role of inference in the operation of Chinese.Fully acknowledging the achievements of the book,the review also makes some suggestions for discussion.