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立足于宏观与微观的视角,从教师的基本信息,包括年龄、性别、数量和学历;高校相关政策制度,包括教师的工作时间、科研要求和薪酬待遇;教育部对高校开设汉语专业点的相关政策,包括开设"专、本、硕、博"汉语专业点的规定等三个方面,对越南高校汉语教师的现状进行了调查分析。越南高校师资存在的问题可总结为以下8种:1.越南高校汉语教师年龄和性别结构不合理;2.高校师生数量比例不合理;3.汉语教师攻读的专业课程与教授的课程不一致;4.汉语教师待遇偏低且做科研的积极性不高;5.汉语教师招聘质量低和行政工作繁重;6.越南高校缺乏本土高水平汉语教师;7.尚未创办汉语教学刊物、成立汉语教师协会与汉语教学论坛;8.国家教育部政策和高校政策缺乏明确的引导等。为了改善高校汉语教师的现状,提出了相应的解决建议。
Abstract：This paper investigates the current situation of Chinese teachers in Vietnamese universities and colleges from three aspects from the macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, including the teachers basic information such as the age, gender,numbers and educational background, the relevant policies of higher education in Vietnam such as the working time, the research requirements and the payment, and the policies by the Ministry of Education such as setting up Chinese major in different degrees, i.e., degree from junior colleges, bachelors degree, masters degree and doctoral degree. In sum, there are eight problems: 1. The distribution of teachers age and gender is unreasonable. 2. The proportion between teachers and students is unbalanced. 3. Teachers speciality and the courses they teach cannot match with each other. 4. Teachers are poorly paid and they lack the initiative of doing research. 5. Teachers are not totally qualified and they have to fulfill a lot of administrative work. 6. The outstanding local Chinese teachers are not sufficient. 7. There isnt any related TCSL journal, association for Chinese language teachers, or forum for Chinese teaching. 8. The guidance by the Ministry of Education or the Vietnamese Higher Education Institutions is insufficient. In order to improve the present situation of Chinese teachers in Vietnamese universities and colleges, this paper puts forward some corresponding suggestions.
潘其南1998越南汉语教学概况[J].世界汉语教学(3).//Pan Qinan 1998 General situation of Chi nese teaching in Vietnam[J].Chinese Teaching in th World(3).
范氏红玉2011从越南商业大学看越南高校汉语教学的现状[D].广西民族大学硕士学位论文.//Pham Thi Hong Ngoc 2011 From the Teaching and Learning Chinese in Vietnam Commercial University Discussed the Current Status of Chinese Education in Vietnam[D].MA Thesis,Guangxi University for Nationalities.
阮进强,严廷胜2015 2015年大学、大专招生信息须知[M].越南河内:教育出版社.//Nguy?n Ti?n C??ng&Nghiêm?ình Th?ng 2015 Nh?ng?i?u c?n bi?t v?tuy?n sinh??i h?c,Cao??ng n?m h?c2015[M].HàN?i:NXB Giáo d?c.
阮黎琼花2012越南河内高校汉语教学现状调查[D]湖南师范大学硕士学位论文.//Nguyen Le Quynh Hoa 2012 Survey of Teaching Chinese Language in University in Hanoi,Vietnam[D].M.A.Thesis,Hu nan Normal University.
韦锦海2004越南高校汉语教学的现状[J].广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)(5).//Wei Jinha2004 The present condition of Chinese teaching and learning in vietnamese universities and colleges[J]Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Philoso phy and Social Science Edition)(5).
(2)喃字指越南人以汉字基础和越南语的读音创造的文字。
(3)国语字指现在的越南语使用拉丁字母书写的文字。
(1)数据来源于39所开设汉语专业的越南高校官方网站中收集相关的招收名额及汉语专业点等信息。
(1)越南政府总理2010高校条例.[EB/OL].http://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Giao-duc/Quyet-dinh-58-2010-QD-TTg-Dieu-le-truong-dai-hoc-112226.aspx.09-22.
(1)越南教育部2015高校教师工作制度规定通知.[EB/OL].http://www.moet.gov.vn/?page=6.10&view=595&opt=brpage.01-29.
(2)教学标准时间:指大学、大专的教师完成教学任务的课时换算单位,包括上课前、后和上课中的劳动时间。教师完成不同教学任务时,可参考表5的标准时计算值计算教师的总课时。例如,如果某位教师指导实习生N天,那么用标准时2.5乘N天就是该教师从事教学的总课时,当总课时大于规定的270个课时,意味着该教师完成了高校规定的教学任务。
(1)越南教育部2008高校教师工作制度规定.[EB/OL].http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&mode=detail&document_id=81251.11-28.
(2)据2004年12月14日越南政府205/2004/N?-CP的议定。(205/2004/N?-CP是205号/2004年/议定-政府的缩写)
(3)越南教育部2011通知规定大学、大专开设培训专业,停止招生,收回开设培训专业的决定.[EB/OL].http://www.moet.gov.vn/?page=6.10&view=3206.02-20.
(1)原文:“Có??i ng?gi?ng viên c?h?u??m nh?n gi?ng d?y t?i thi?u 70%kh?i l??ng c?a ch??ng trình?ào t?o,trong?ócóít nh?t 4 gi?ng viên cótrình??th?c s??úng ngành??ng ky”.
(2)原文:“Có??i ng?gi?ng viên c?h?u??m nh?n gi?ng d?y t?i thi?u 70%kh?i l??ng c?a ch??ng trình?ào t?o,trong?ócóít nh?t 4 gi?ng viên cótrình??th?c s??úng ngành??ng ky”.
(3)越南政府总理2010高校条例.[EB/OL].http://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Giao-duc/Quyet-dinh-58-2010-QD-TTgDieu-le-truong-dai-hoc-112226.aspx.09-22.
(4)原文:“??i ng?gi?ng viên c?h?u c?a tr??ng??m nh?n gi?ng d?yít nh?t 70%kh?i l??ng c?a ch??ng trình?ào t?o,trong?ócóít nh?t 05 gi?ng viên c?h?u cób?ng ti?n s?thu?c ngành??ng ky?ào t?o,??ho?c?ang tham gia các??tài khoa h?c,m?i ng??i??c?ng b?ít nh?t 03 c?ng trình khoa h?c trên các t?p chíkhoa h?c chuyên ngành trong vòng 05n?m tính??n khi n?p h?s?xin phép m?ngành?ào t?o”.
(5)原文:“??i ng?gi?ng viên,cán b?khoa h?c c?h?u c?a tr??ng cóít nh?t 01 phógiáo s?và04 ti?n s?cùng ngành,trong?óít nh?t có03 ng??i cùng chuyên ngành??ng ky;m?i ng??i??c?ng b?ít nh?t ba c?ng trình khoa h?c trên các t?p chíkhoa h?c chuyên ngành cóuy tín trong vòng 05 n?m tính??n khi n?p h?s???ng kym?ngành;cókh?n?ng xay d?ng ch??ng trình vàt?ch?c th?c hi?n ch??ng trình?ào t?o,h??ng d?n nghiên c?u sinh th?c hi?n lu?nán ti?n s?và?ánh giálu?nán”.
(1)越南教育部2015高校招生指标规定.[EB/OL].http://www.moet.gov.vn/?page=1.19&view=1098.12-21.
(1)越南教育部2013 2013年中国留学招生通知.[EB/OL].http://www.moet.edu.vn/?page=1.3&view=4760&opt=brpage.02-08.
(2)越南教育部2014 2014年中国留学招生通知.[EB/OL].http://www.moet.gov.vn/?page=1.3&view=2&opt=brpage.03-11.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16131/j.cnki.cn44-1669/g4.2016.03.006
中图分类号:H195
引用信息:
[1]阮文清,曾小燕.越南高校汉语师资现状分析[J].华文教学与研究,2016,No.63(03):63-73.DOI:10.16131/j.cnki.cn44-1669/g4.2016.03.006.
基金信息:
教育部人文社会科学研究项目“基于并置关系的汉语(教学)语法体系研究”(15YJC740130)~~
2016-09-20
2016-09-20